Ma ke ʻano he ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā pā kila, pāʻani nā ipu ipu i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana hou. Ma muli o kā lākou haku mele kūikawā a me nā waiwai, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e hana i nā moku kaomi e hoʻokō i nā koi koʻikoʻi o ke kaomi, ka mahana a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole.
ʻO ka haku mele kūikawā a me ka hana
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻohui kemika o nā ipu ipu e hōʻoia i ka hana piha piha. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kumu, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui e like me chromium, nickel, molybdenum, a me vanadium e like me nā ʻano hoʻohana like ʻole a me nā koi hana. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe o nā pā ipu, e kūpono ai lākou no nā kūlana hana paʻakikī.
Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai mechanical, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o nā ipu pahu. ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā lākou ke kū i ke kaomi nui me ka ʻole o ka deformation a i ʻole ka haki ʻana; hiki i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi ke pale i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o nā mana o waho e like me ka hopena a i ʻole ka haʻalulu, e hōʻoia ana i ka hana palekana o nā mea hana. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo kāna hana kuʻi ʻana maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻana i ka hana e maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana i nā moku kaomi o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī e hoʻokō i nā pono ʻenehana like ʻole.
ʻO nā hoʻohui waiwai a me nā ʻano like ʻole
E like me nā kūlana like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa ipu i nā ʻano he nui. Wahi a ke kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka ipu hao maʻamau, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ipu kila, kiʻekiʻe wela wela ipu kila, kuhiliʻole kila composite kila pā, etc. General puʻe ipu kila ua kūpono no ka waena a me ka maʻamau wela, waena a me ka haʻahaʻa puʻe kaiapuni, a me ka loa hoʻohana kumu waiwai; ʻO ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a kūpono hoʻi no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa lawelawe lawelawe; hiki i ka ipu hao kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomau i ka hana paʻa ma ke ʻano wela wela a hoʻokō i nā koi o nā kūlana hana kiʻekiʻe; ʻO ke kila kila kila kila kila e hui pū i ke kū'ēʻana o ke kila kila a me ka ikaika o ke kila maʻamau, a ua kūpono i nā hiʻohiʻona me nā koi kūikawā no ka paleʻana i ka corrosion.
Wahi a ka haku mele, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pā ipu i loko o nā pā ipu hao kalapona, nā ipu hao hao haʻahaʻa a me nā pā ipu hao. He haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hana kaʻina hana maikaʻi nā papa pahu pahu kila; Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi nā pā ipu hao hao haʻahaʻa i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hao; Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā papa ipu kila kila i nā ʻoihana me nā koi kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa e like me ka ʻoihana kemika a me ka meaʻai ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa.
Nā kahua noi ākea
ʻO nā papa pahu pahu he nui loa o nā noi a hoʻokani i kahi kuleana nui i nā ʻoihana e like me ka petroleum, ka ʻoihana kemika, nā mana mana, nā paila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pono kēia mau mea hana e hana no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka corrosion ikaika. Hāʻawi ka hana kiʻekiʻe o nā ipu ipu i ka hōʻoia hilinaʻi no kā lākou hana palekana a paʻa.
Ma ke kahua o nā mana mana a me nā paila, hoʻohana ʻia nā pā ipu e hana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā pahu boiler a me nā moku kaomi nuclear reactor. Pono nā pahu paila e kū i ka mahu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, kahi e koi ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o nā mea; pili nā moku kaomi nuklea reactor i ka hana palekana o nā mea kanu nuklea, a ua kau ʻia nā kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana o nā papa ipu.
Eia kekahi, i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā pā pahu pahu e hana i nā ʻano waihona like ʻole a me nā moku pane e hoʻokō ai i nā koi kūikawā o ka ʻoihana no ka maʻemaʻe, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, etc.
Kūlana hoʻouna like ʻole
ʻO ke kūlana o ka lawe ʻana i nā pā pahu pahu ka mea nui i ka ʻōwili wela, ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka mana, ka normalizing, normalizing + tempering, tempering + quenching (tempering), etc. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻouna ʻokoʻa e hōʻike i nā papa ipu e hōʻike i nā hui like ʻole a me nā waiwai. I ka moku'āina wela, he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka pā kila, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka like ʻole o ka hana; hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka palaoa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ka pā kila ma ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina o ka ʻōwili; hiki i ka normalizing ke hana i ke ʻano o ke kapa kila a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical; hiki i ka normalizing + tempering ke hoʻopau hou i ke koʻikoʻi o loko, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional; hiki i ke kinai a me ka hoʻonāuki ke hana i ka pā kila i ka hui maikaʻi loa o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke kūlana hoʻopuka kūpono e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana i nā mea e like me ke kūlana hoʻohana, ka ʻenehana hana a me ke kumukūʻai o ka ipu. No ka laʻana, no nā moku kaomi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hopena, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kūlana hoʻopuka o ka quenching a me tempering treatment; ʻoiai no kekahi mau ipu i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kumukūʻai a loaʻa nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pā ipu wela a i ʻole nā mea maʻamau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-22-2025